In this tutorial, a multi-hinged arm is demonstrated by altering a single user parameter linked to multiple Hinge components and solid cylinders. Each of the Hinge angles are set with linear links to the user parameter as a fraction of fully deployed. In this way, a single user parameter can be used to perform combinations of translation and rotation about multiple coordinate systems to achieve complex motion. Creating and adjusting linear Links in OpenVSP is not covered in detail in this tutorial.
Creating a custom User Parameter is fairly straightforward. In the Create Parm box, choose the type of variable (Integer or Double) and then provide a name, group, and description along with the min, default, and max values. Providing a clear description of the new variable is good practice because it will serve as a reminder of the purpose of the variable and inform other users of the variable’s intent. Once you have entered the information for your new variable, click “Create” to add the variable to the list of User Defined Parms. The new parameter will now be available under the Adjust tab. If you find that any of the parameter settings are incorrect or require adjustment, click on the parameter in the Create tab inside the User Defined Parms box to show the information in the Edit User Defined Parms box. From the Edit box, you can enter new information into any of the fields and the parameter will update with the new values. Note that you cannot change the Type from Integer to Double or vice versa.
When you create a new parameter, think about what kind of number it should be and what the purpose will be. For example, if the new parameter is intended to be a scale factor, then a Double value makes sense. If the parameter is intended to represent whole parts (engines or people, for example), then an Integer type should be chosen.
This tutorial demonstrates how the Wing Sizing example was created using Advanced Link and the two user parameters gross weight and wing loading. Note that the link sets the total planform area rather than the sectional area. Advanced Link operation is a more advanced topic that is not covered in detail in this tutorial.
User Parameters are unique variables that you can leverage to control or link your model in ways that aren’t available by default in OpenVSP. There are always 16 predefined user parameters that will always have the same Group, Name, and ParmID regardless of which model you are using. This makes them very robust in scripting and automation. Perhaps of greater interest to the designer is the ability to create custom parameters and adjust them from this menu. Once a user parameter has been created, the parameter is available for adjustment or linking as with any other model parameter. For example, a wing may be sized according to gross weight and wing loading rather than by span and area. An propeller may be sized according to the thrust, disk loading, tip speed, etc. So you can see how leveraging User Parameters in your model can enable a wider variety of parametric variation than would otherwise be available by default.
User Parameters may also be used to store numerical information in your model and not be linked to any other parameter at all. For example, you can create an integer type to keep track of the model version or use a double type value to record a target lift coefficient or maximum span. Be creative!
This tutorial will demonstrate the versatility of Variable Presets and provide a couple of examples in the time and effort savings made possible by this feature. The X-57 common research model is provided in the example files so you can practice on your own. Flap, aileron, and rudder deflections can be quickly set for various flight conditions or maneuvers and even the high-lift propellers can be quickly stowed or deployed using Presets. Additionally, we show how various VSPAERO analysis settings can be quickly switched for different cases with Variable Presets.
